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CONTENTS of entire timeline

CONTENTS of 59,999,999 BC- 51,000 BC Large land and aquatic mammals appear; many kinds of primates appear (almost as many go extinct); an island continent finally disappears for good; the Mediterranean valley turns into the Mediterranean Sea; human beings emerge, develop housing, clothes, lamps, and drugs, breed dogs, use horses; Mars dies (or goes dormant)

This page last updated on or about 10-31-05
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Approximately 187,000 BC: The ancestral gene tree of modern humans splits into two branches now...

...African and non-African. Both these groups together total to only 11,000 to 18,000 people worldwide.

This split likely occured in Africa itself; the "non-African" distinction signifies primarily which group left the home continent to populate the rest of the world later. The genetic and other challenges of eurasia will have a profound impact on the non-African group, eventually causing genetic changes sufficiently valuable to survival that they would eventually return to Africa to change the African population as well (in a "genetic sweep" removing much of the variability between the two groups), resulting in the ultimate composition of humanity circa 1999 AD.

-- "Study Alters Time Line for the Splitting of Human Populations" By NICHOLAS WADE, March 16, 1999, The New York Times

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